1. Applying human factors and ergonomics methods to pharmaceutical health services research 2. Designing complex health interventions using experience-based co-design 3. Use of common models to inform and design pharmacy and health services research 4. Implementation science to guide pharmacy and health services research 5. CFIR framework in pharmacy and health services research 6. Principles and Applications of Meta-Research 7. Best practices when conducting and a meta-analysis 8. Using Methods from Human-Centered Design in Health Research: An Introduction for Pharmacy and Health Services Researchers 9. Applying action research in social pharmacy and health services research - An overview 10. Q Methodology in pharmacy and health services research 11. Medicines optimisation and illness management research using dyads 12. Using network analysis in pharmacy and health services research 13. Designing, evaluating and applying pictograms in pharmacy practice research 14. Application of photo-voice in pharmacy and health services research 15. The draw and write technique to uncover nuance in pharmacy and health services delivery 16. The use of art to analyse learning practices in pharmacy and to inform assessment and intervention practices 17. Evaluating benefits and harms of deprescribing using routinely collected data 18. Understanding and addressing the observer effect in observation studies 19. An introduction to how realist research can inform pharmacy practice and policy. 20. Application of process philosophy with organization and management science in pharmacy and health services research 21. Design and application of the simulated patient method in pharmacy and health services research 22. Moderation analysis with binary outcomes: Interactions on additive and multiplicative scales 23. The use of ethnography in social pharmacy and health services research 24. Video-reflexive ethnography applications in pharmacy and health services research 25. Reflexivity practice during ethnographic informed fieldwork 26. Utilizing a Cognitive Engineering Approach to Conduct a Hierarchical Task Analysis to Understand Complex Patient Decision Making 27. Rapid turn-around qualitative analysis applications in pharmacy and health services research 28. Best practices in mixed methods for pharmacy and health services research 29. Using textual data in qualitative pharmacy and health services research 30. Online Focus Group Methodology: Recruitment, Facilitation, and Reimbursement 31. Consensus development methods: use in the production of national and international frameworks and tools in health systems and policy making 32. An overview of the Delphi Technique in social pharmacy and health services research 33. Applying the Delphi Technique in pharmacy and health services research 34. Using prescription drug databases for comorbidity adjustment: A remedy for disaster or a prescription for improved model fit? 35. Handling missing data in surveys - Concepts, approaches, and applications in pharmacy and health services research 36. Use of national databases and surveys to evaluate prescribing patterns and medication use 37. Factor analysis principal components analysis in pharmacy and health services research 38. Guidelines and standards in medication adherence research 39. Methodological and disciplinary competence and insecurity in qualitative research 40. Contemporary conceptualizations of measurement validity 41. A practical approach to the assessment and quantification of content validity 42. Structural equation modeling and latent class analysis in pharmacy and health services research 43. Statistical consideration in making potential multiple comparisons

Emerging methods, as well as best practices in well-used methods, in pharmacy are of great benefit to researchers, graduate students, graduate programs, residents and fellows also in other health science areas. Researchers require a text to assist in the design of experiments to address seemingly age-old problems. New interventions are needed to improve medication adherence, patients' lived experiences in health care, provider-patient relationships, and even various facets of pharmacogenomics. Advances in systems re-engineering can optimize health care practitioners' roles. Contemporary Research Methods in Pharmacy and Health Services includes multi-authored chapters by renowned experts in their field. Chapters cover examples in pharmacy, health services and others transcendent of medical care, following a standardized format, including key research points; valid and invalid assumptions; pitfalls to avoid; applications; and further inquiry. This is a valuable resource for researchers both in academia and corporate R&D, primarily in pharmacy but also in health services, and other health disciplines. Social science researchers and government scientists can also benefit from the reading.

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