Part 1: Pathophysiology and differential diagnoses of female bladder outlet obstruction -- Physiology of female Voiding: Are there many normals? -- Female bladder outlet obstruction: Whom to work up and what to look for? -- Controversies in Diagnosis of Bladder Outlet Obstruction in women: A urodynamic perspective -- Dysfunctional voiding in women -- Primary bladder neck obstruction as a cause for female bladder outlet obstruction -- Fowler's syndrome -- Pelvic organ descent as a cause of bladder outlet obstruction -- Female urethral stricture -- Bladder outlet obstruction after sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence -- Working algorithm for female voiding LUTS -- Part 2: Treatment modalities for female bladder outlet obstruction and urethral reconstruction -- Pharmacotherapy for female bladder outlet obstruction -- Urethral dilatation and minimally invasive surgical options for female bladder outlet obstruction -- Applied anatomy of urethra for female urethral reconstruction -- Dorsal (Anterior) Onlay Urethroplasty for female urethral stricture -- Ventral (Posterior) Onlay Augmentation Urethroplasty For Female Urethral Stricture -- Dorsal (Anterior) Inlay technique for buccal mucosal graft for female urethroplasty -- Ventral (Posterior) Inlay technique for female urethroplasty -- Labial and Vaginal Flaps in female urethroplasty -- Female Pelvic Fracture associated Urethral Injury and Stricture: Principles of Management -- Female Anastomotic Urethroplasty.

Urinary symptoms in women have a very high prevalence rate. While the storage function of the bladder is similar in both genders, voiding function has marked differences with obvious anatomic and physiological genitourinary distinctions. Despite all advances in contemporary diagnostics and imaging, female bladder outlet obstruction and urethral stricture disease remain a conundrum to be deciphered in clinical practice. It is also seen that the female voiding symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction are poorly understood entities; which is also evident from the fact that Urethral dilatation in women is still a widely practiced procedure. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of female voiding disorders leading to bladder outlet obstruction and helps identify the women who will actually need reconstructive surgeries. The book begins with what is normal female voiding and then goes on to describe the various definitions of female bladder outlet obstruction along with controversies in Urodynamic diagnosis . As the functional causes are more common than actual strictures, this book elucidates on the knowledge of each of these differentials with their basic understanding and treatment outline, further throwing knowledge on the anatomical causes like pelvic organ prolapse and female urethral stricture. A separate section is dedicated to female urethral surgical anatomy and urethral reconstruction for urethral stricture as well as pelvic fracture urethral injury in females.